El conocimiento sobre las comunidades microbianas que conviven en simbiosis con el ser humano ha tenido hasta ahora poco impacto en la clínica, prestándose solo atención a los patógenos u oportunistas en su capacidad de generar enfermedades; pero la colonización microbiana es imprescindible para un crecimiento y desarrollo normal. Actualmente ha aumentado el interés en conocer la estructura y funciones de esas comunidades microbianas para entender la causa de muchas patologías de índole autoinmune o de desregulación del sistema inmunitario. La lucha contra las enfermedades infecciosas fue el gran avance de la medicina moderna. Es fácil predecir que los conocimientos sobre la composición y funciones de las comunidades de ‘simbiontes’ humanos van a ser el primer gran avance de la medicina del siglo XXI.
En nuestro cuerpo viven unos 48 billones de bacterias, 60 billones de virus y varios miles de millones de hongos:
Dentro del organismo humano conviven trillones de especies microscópicas, en su mayoría con funciones definidas que ayudan en muchos procesos de nuestro metabolismo o nos protegen de la acción de otros microorganismos que sí podrían resultar dañinos.
«Se ha calculado que un humano tiene cerca de 37 billones (millones de millones) de células corpóreas y por cada una de ellas hay cerca de 1,3 bacterias, es decir, unas 48 billones. Esto sin contar el número de virus, que ronda en unos 60 billones. Además, en el cuerpo habitan varios miles de millones de hongos y millones de ácaros. Todos felices y contentos.
Sin microbioma no se puede sobrevivir; pero como es muy diverso, no se sabe a ciencia cierta cuales microorganismos son los esenciales. Muchos de los llamados Firmicutesque habitan el organismo son necesarios, pero en su conjunto.
Los niños recién nacidos que no tengan Lactobacillus y Bifidobacterium en su tracto intestinal tendrán grandes problemas para sobrevivir, ya que no podrán digerir la leche.
Staphylococcus epidermis es una bacteria esencial para proteger la piel; sin ella se tendrían infecciones que podrían ser mortales.
El microbioma (microorganismos del cuerpo) protege contra enfermedades, controlando a los agentes patógenos y estimulando las defensas. Además, desdobla los alimentos para que sean digeribles y nos suministra micronutrientes como las vitaminas. El microbioma también es responsable en parte del «tufillo» que despiden las personas y que los identifica.
Johann Michael Haydn Requiem in C minor composed in 1771 Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra conducted by Andeas Mustonen Requiem Aeternam 0:45 Dies Irae 8:08 Domine Jesu Christe 16:00 Hostias et Preces 20:13 Sanctus, Benedictus 23:26
Su tumba se encuentra en el Cementerio de la Iglesia de San Pedro de Salzburgo, a los pies de una capilla excavada en la roca; comparte espacio con Maria Anna Mozart, Nannerl, la hermana mayor de Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Es injustamente olvidado frente a la enorme figura de su hermano, pero posee una obra inmensa de gran calidad que hoy en dia se está reconociendo.
Latin masses: for S, A, T, B, SATB and orchestra unless otherwise stated
SS Trinitatis, st1/klI:1, S, S, A, T, B, SATB, orch, 1754; d, st2, c1754–7, frag.; d, st3/klI:31a, c1754–7, frag.; a, st18, c1754–7, frag.; S Michaelis, st12/kl1:27, c1754–7; BVM, st15, c1754–7, ed. C.H. Sherman (Stuttgart, 1994); S Josephi, st16/klI:7, c1754–7; S Gabrielis, st17/112/klI:5, c1754–7, rev. 1768, ed. O. Biba (Altötting, 1990); S Francisci Seraphici, st43/119/klI:25, c1754–7, rev. by c1772; C, st42/klI:35, c1754–7; SS Cyrilli et Methodii, st13/klI:2, 1758; SS Crucis, st56/klI:16, SATB, org, 29 March 1762, ed. C.H. Sherman (Stuttgart, 1987) Dolorum BVM, st57/552/klI:3, 3 April 1762, lost, listed in Lang (c1804), rev. 1794 as Quadragesimalis, ed. C.H. Sherman (Stuttgart, 1995); S Raphaelis, st87/111/klI:6, by c1764, rev. 7 Nov 1768; S Nicolai Tolentini, st109/154/klI:4, 4b), 17 Sept 1768, rev. 14 Dec 1771; Pro defuncto Archiepiscopo Sigismundo, st155/klI:8, 31 Dec 1771, ed. C.H. Sherman (Stuttgart, 1991); S Joannis Nepomuceni, st182/klI:9, SATB, org, May 1772; S Amandi, st229/klI:10, 26 March 1776; S Hieronymi, st254/klI:11, 14 Sept 1777, ed. C.H. Sherman (Vienna, 1970); S Aloysii, st257/klI:12, S, S, A, SSA, orch, 21 Dec 1777, ed. W. Reinhard (Zürich, 1942) S Ruperti, st322/klI:13, 11 Aug 1782, ed. K. Jäger (Adliswil, 1994); S Dominici, st419/klI:14, 25 March 1786, ed. J.F. Doppelbauer (Altötting, 1988); A due cori ‘Hispanica’, st422/klI:17, 4 Aug 1786, S, A, T, B, SATB, orch, ed. C.H. Sherman (Salzburg, 1966); S Gotthardi, st530/klI:15, 19 Feb 1792; Pro defunctis, c, st559, c1792–5, draft; S Ursulae, st546/klI:18, 5 Aug 1793, ed. in RRMCE, xii (1980); Pro quadragesima, st551/klI:20, SATB, org, 15 Feb 1794, ed. in DTÖ, xlv, Jg.xxii (1915/R) and by C.H. Sherman (Stuttgart, 1995); Tempore quadragesimae, st553/klI:19, SATB, org, 31 March 1794, ed. in Denkmäler liturgischer Tonkunst, xvi (Augsburg, 1927) and by C.H. Sherman (Stuttgart, 1995) Sotto il titulo di S Teresia, st796/797/klI:22, 3 Aug 1801, rev. shortly after 1801; Subtitulo S Francisci Seraphici, st826/klI:23, 16 Aug 1803, ed. in DTÖ, xlv, Jg.xxii (1915/R); S Leopoldi, st837/klI:24, S, S, A, SSA, orch, 22 Dec 1805, ed. W. Reinhart (Zürich, 1952); Pro defunctis, B , st838/klI:26, 10 Aug 1806, inc.; Reworking of Gl from F.J. Haydn’s Missa brevis Sancti Joannis de Deo, B , h XXII:7, 16 July 1795, ed. H.C.R. Landon (Munich, 1958)
Doubtful: Over 60 masses, attrib. ‘Haydn’; Over 60 others, each attrib. both to M. Haydn or only ‘Haydn’ and to another comp., incl.: klI:28, also attrib. G. Reutter (ii), klI:29, also attrib. L. Hofmann and Krottendorfer, klI:33, also attrib. Krottendorfer and Schneider, klI:34, also attrib. Schneider, klI:36, also attrib. Heimerich, klI:37, also attrib. Strasser, klI:38, also attrib. J. Haydn (h XXII:G1) and Diabelli
German masses: A, st536/klVI:3, SATB, orch, by c1793; B , st602/klVI:2, SSA, orch, 17 Aug 1795; F, st611/klVI:4, SATB, orch, 11 Nov 1795; E , st561/klVI:6b, F, st562/klVI:6a, both SSA, ?c1795; C, st629/klVI:5, SATB, orch, 23 March 1796; B , st642/klVI:1, SATB, org, lost, listed in Lang (c1804); st560, doubtful
Mass proper movements: for SATB and orchestra unless otherwise stated
Spiritus Domini, Veni Creator Spiritus, st45, A, orch, c1754–7; In omnem terram, st46/klIII:41, S, A, orch, c1754–7; Ecce Virgo, st121, S, orch, c1754–7, lost, listed in Göttweig catalogue (1830); Humiliavit semetipsum, S, orch, c1754–7; Civitatem, Festina lente, st47, S, SATB, orch, c1754–7, lost, listed in Göttweig catalogue (1830); Vidi civitatem, Caelestis inter caetus, st48, S, SATB, orch, c1754–7; Christus factus est, st38, 18 March 1761, ed. C.H. Sherman (Stuttgart, 1987); Veni Sancte Spiritus, st39, 22 March 1761, ed. C.H. Sherman (Stuttgart, 1989); Iste confessor, st40/klV:16, SATB, orch, 26 June 1761 Deus tuorum militum, st158, S, orch, c1764–71, frag.; Jesu corona, st100, SATB, orch, c1764–71, ed. C.H. Sherman (Stuttgart, 1994); Nos conservat, st122, S, A, T, B, SATB, orch, c1764–71; O Maria Virgo spes, st165, S, orch, c1764–71; Surrexit pastor, Plaudes plebs, st160, B, SATB, orch, c1764–71; Tubae resonate, st124, S, SATB, orch, c1764–71; Vexilla regis, st126, SATB, c1764–71; Ave Maria, B , st72/klIII:21, S, SATB, orch, 1765, ed. C.H. Sherman (Stuttgart, 1991); Urbs Jerusalem, st75, Invictus heros, st78, Jam faces lictor, st79, all 1766 Dedit mihi, st77, c1766; Inveni David, st115, S, A, T, B, SATB, orch, Et bracchium meum, st116, both c1769, related to Completorium st114; Tota pulchra es, st139, S, S, orch, c1770, related to orat st138; Cantate Domino, e, st142/klIII:44, c1770, related to ?Ballo, st141; Sicut cervus, st143/klIIb:48, S, A, T, B, SATB, orch, c1770; Anima nostra, st146, S, S, S, A, SSSA, orch, 1771; O Maria nostra spes, st149/klIII:33, S, A, T, B, SATB, orch, c1771, related to tragedy Hermann st148 Tres sunt, st183/klIIa:40, S, A, T, B, SATB, orch, 7 June 1772, ed. in KL; Antiphonae ad stationes pro tribus diebus rogationun, st201/klV:10, SATB, org, c1773–5; Egregie doctor Paule, st190, S, A, T, B, SATB, orch, c1774; Lauda Sion, st215/klIIa:42, ?1775; Quae est ista, st226, S, SATB, orch, by c1775; In te mi Deus confido, st230, A, SATB, orch, 24 Sept 1776; Alma Dei creatoris, st221/klIII:2, B, SATB, orch, 1776; Inveni David, st224/klIII:38, B, SATB, orch, 1776; Deus refugium, st222/klIII:32, B, SATB, orch, ?1776; Dignare me, st223, S, A, SATB, orch, by c1776 Justorum animae, st225/klIII:37, B, SATB, orch, by c1776; Laeta quies, st253/klIIb:17a, 11 March 1777; Timete Dominum, st256, S, A, T, B, SATB, orch, 29 Oct 1777, ed. R. Pauly (New York, 1964); Sub vestrum praesidium, st275/klIII:34, 15 March 1778; Ad festum S Augustini, st280/klIIb:16, S, A, SATB, orch, 26 Aug 1778; Diffusa est gratia, st281/klIII:18, S, S, orch, 16 Nov 1778; Canta Jerusalem, st269/klIII:19, 1778; Justorum animae, st286, B, SATB, orch, c1778–80, related to Spl Der englische Patriot st285 Eja corda exsultate, st290/klIII:39, S, S, SATB, orch, O caeli luminaria, st291/klIII:8, T, B, orch; Qui nunc laeti, st292/klIII:35, S, A, orch, Unitis cordibus, st293, Tu digna amore, S, A, orch, all c1780, related to applausus st289; Quicunque manducaverit, st259/klIII:9, by c1789; Salvete flores, st307/klIV:2b, 3vv, orch, 29 Nov 1781; Veni Creator Spiritus, st326/klIIa:39b, 26 Aug 1782; Jesu redemptor omnium, st329/klV:25b, Sancti Dei omnes, st328/klV:25a, Surgite sancti, st327/klV:9f, all SATB, 27 Aug 1782, all ed. C.H. Sherman (Stuttgart, 1986) Ex ore infantium, st331/klI:30, SSA, org, 26 Dec 1782; In adoratione nostra, st324/klIII:6, S, A, A, T, B, SATB, orch, Cantate Domino, E , st325, S, A, A, T, B, SATB, orch, Clangite buccinis, Nec alacrior, S, A, orch, all c1782, related to orat st323; Viderunt omnes, st341/klIIa:8, 6 Dec 1783, ed. O. Biba (Hilversum, 1971); Alleluia! Laudate pueri, st342/klIIa:11, S, S, A, orch, 12 Dec 1783, ed. I. Sulyok (Kassel, 1978); Sederunt principes, st343/klIIa:9, 17 Dec 1783; Hic est discipulus, st344/klIIa:10, 21 Dec 1783; Ecce sacerdos, st345/klIIb:42, 24 Dec 1783; Alme Deus, st332/klIII:29, B, SATB, orch, by c1783 Omnes de Saba, st350/klIIa:13, 2 Jan 1784; Salvos fac nos, st351/klIIb:2, 8 Jan 1784; Gloriosus Deus, st352/klIIb:14, 12 Jan 1784; Tu es vas electionis, st353/klIIb:10, 16 Jan 1784; Nunc dimittis, st355/klIIb:1, 29 Jan 1784, ed. M. Eckhardt (Kassel, 1976); Ab ortu solis, st356/klIIa:45, 5 Feb 1784; Audi filia, st357/klIIb:31, 27 Feb 1784; Domine praevenisti, st359/klIIb:46, 16 March 1784; Dolorosa et lacrymabilis es, st360/klIIa:26, 24 March 1784; Victimae paschali laudes, st361/klIIa:29, 5 April 1784, ed. O. Biba (Hilversum, 1970) Alleluia! In die resurrectionis, st362/klIIa:30, 8 April 1784; Alleluia! Confitebuntur, st363/klIIb:20, 16 April 1784; Dicite in gentibus, st364/klIIb:22, 22 April 1784; Alleluia! Ascendit Deus, st365/klIIa:37, 9 May 1784; Veni sancte Spiritus, st366/klIIa:39, 13 May 1784, ed. H. Graf (Zürich, 1966); Benedictus es Domine, st369/klIIa:41, 3 June 1784; Exultabunt sancti, st370/klIIb:13, 6 June 1784; Priusquam te formarem, st372/klIIb:8, 21 June 1784; Constitues eos principes, st373/klIII:7, 24 June 1784; Benedicta et venerabilis es, st374/klIIb:29, 28 June 1784; Adjuvabit eam Deus, st375/klIIb:47, 7 July 1784 Dilexisti justitiam, st376/klIIb:23, 11 July 1784; Speciosus forma, st377/klIIb:24, 24 July 1784; Probasti Domine, st378/klIIb:39, 30 July 1784; Felix es sacra, st379/klIIb:11, 11 Aug 1784; Nimis honorati sunt, st380/klIII:16, 17 Aug 1784; Benedicite Dominum, st381/klIIb:12, 24 Aug 1784; Juravit Dominus, st382/klIIb:41, 4 Sept 1784; Locus iste, st383/klIIb:25, 9 Sept 1784; Timete Dominum, st385/klIII:14, 27 Oct 1784; Dilectus meus, st386/klIIb:7, 12 Nov 1784; Tollite portas, st387/klIIb:28, 19 Nov 1783; Ave Maria, st388/klIIb:30, 26 Nov 1784, ed. C.H. Sherman (Stuttgart, 1990) Justus ut palma, st389/klIIb:45, 29 Nov 1784; Tecum principium, st390/klIIa:6, 5 Dec 1784; Benedictus qui venit, st391/klIIa:7, 7 Dec 1784; Effuderunt sanguinem, st392/klIIa:12, 11 Dec 1784; Tu es Petrus, st397/klIIb:9, 12 Feb 1785; Beatus vir,st398/klIIb:43, 19 Feb 1785; Laeta quies, st400/klIIb:17b, 30 March 1785; Oculi omnium, st401/klIII:43, 14 April 1785; Alleluia! Confitemini Domini, st402/klIIa:38, 1 May 1785; Domine, quis habitabit, st403/klIIb:3, 8 May 1785 Ecce Virgo concipiet, st408/klIIb:6, 24 Nov 1785; Ne timeas Maria, st409/klIII:1, 29 Nov 1785; Beatus vir, qui suffert tenta, st410/klIIa:44, 1 Dec 1785; Miraculorum patrator, st426/klIIb:18, 18 Dec 1786; Emicat meridies, st437/klIIb:4, 4 Jan 1787; Universi, qui te exspectant, st442/klIIa:1, 26 Aug 1787, ed. in KL; Ex Sion species, st443/klIIa:2, 7 July 1787, ed. in KL; Qui sedes, Domine, st444/klIIa:3, 1 Sept 1787, ed. in KL; Prope est Dominus, st445/klIIa:4, 5 Sept 1787, ed. in KL Adjutor in opportunitatibus, st446/klIIa:18, 9 Sept 1787; Sciant gentes, st447; klIIa:19, 14 Sept 1787; Tu es Deus, st448/klIIa:20, 20 Sept 1787; Angelis suis, st451/klIIa:21, 27 Oct 1787, ed. in KL; Anima nostra, st452/klIII:13, 12 Nov 1787, ed. O. Biba (Hilversum, 1973); Tribulationes cordis mei, st453/klIIa:22, 23 Nov 1787, ed. in KL; Deus in adjutorium, st454/klIV:1, SSA, org, 29 Nov 1787; Libera me, st431, c1787; Exsurge Domine, st479/klIIa:23, 20 Feb 1788, ed. in KL; Laetatus sum, st480/klIIa:24, 26 Feb 1788, ed. in KL; Eripe me, st481/klIIa:25, 1 March 1788, ed. in KL Alleluia! Cognoverunt, st482/klIIa:31, 8 March 1788; Alleluia! Redemptionem misit, st483/klIIa:32, 14 March 1788; Alleluia! Dextera Domini, st484/klIIa:33, 26 March 1788; Alleluia! Surrexit Christus, st485/klIIa:34, 11 April 1788; Alleluia! Regnavit Dominus, st486/klIIa:35, 23 April 1788; Ad Dominum, dum tribularer, st487/klIIa:46, 29 April 1788; Jacta cogitatum tuum, st488/klIIa:47, 7 May 1788; Propitius esto Domine, st489/klIIa:48, 17 May 1788; Convertere Domine, st490/klIIa:50, 29 May 1788; Domine, Dominus noster, st491/klIIa:53, 7 June 1788 Benedicam Dominum, st492/klIIa:56, 19 June 1788; De produndis, st494/klIIa:67, 20 Nov 1788; Benedictus Dominus Deus Israel, st495/klIIa:14, 29 Nov 1788; Misit Dominus verbum suum, st496/klIIa:15, 10 Dec 1788; Timebunt gentes, st497/klIIa:16, 20 Dec 1788; Dominus regnavit, st498/klIIa:17, 29 Dec 1788; Protector noster,st501/klIIa:49, 12 Feb 1789; Venite filii, st502/klIIa:51, 1 March 1789; Esto mihi in Deum, st503/klIIa:52, 19 March 1789; Custodi me Domine, st504/klIIa:54, 4 April 1789; In Deo speravit cor meum, st505/klIIa:55, 23 April 1789 Respice Domine, st506/klIIa:57, 12 May 1789; Bonum est confidere, st509/klIIa:58, 2 Aug 1789; Bonum est confiteri Domino, st510/klIIa:59, 22 Aug 1789; Beata gens, st511/klIIa:60, 3 Sept 1789; Laetatus sum, st519/klIIa:61, 14 Sept 1790; Dirigatur oratio mea, st520/klIIa:62, 23 Sept 1790; Domine refugium, st521/klIIa:64, 14 Oct 1790; Ecce quam bonum, st522/klIIa:65, 21 Oct 1790; Liberasti nos, st523/klIIa:66, 28 Oct 1790; Paratum cor meum, st524/klIIa:63, 20 Nov 1790; In omnem terram, st525/klIII:17, 14 Dec 1790 Gloria et honore, st526/klIIb:38, 25 Dec 1790; Caro mea vere, st513/klIIb:44, c1790; Post partum Virgo, st528/klIIb:26, 25 Jan 1791; Ad te, Domine, st531/klIII:3, B, SATB, orch, 29 Feb 1792; Antiphonarium romanum, st533/klIV:8, 27 May 1792; Exaltabo te, st547/klIII:25, S, SATB, orch, 9 Aug 1793; Vos estis, st554/klIIb:37, 28 May 1794; Perfice gressus meos, st557/klIII:27, S, orch, 27 Aug 1794; Laudibus mons, st556/klIIb:19, 30 Aug 1794; Iam sol recedit igneus, st595/klV:17, SATB, org, 29 May 1795 Christus factus est, klIIa:28, Dextera Domini, klIII:11, Non autem, a, all 7 March 1796; Communion, B klIII:12, 7 March 1796; Virgo prudentissima, st635/klV:23, 5 Aug 1796; Gaude Virgo, st638/klV:22b, 24 Nov 1796; Es amator, st640, T, B, orch, c1795–7; Germinavit radix Jesse, st651/klV:22a, 27 Jan 1797; Ecce ancilla Domini, st653/klIIb:5, 23 Feb 1797; Sub tuum praesidium st654/klIIb:33, 24 Feb 1797; Dominus firmamentum, st655/klIII:27, 4 April 1797; Hodie scietis, st656/klIIa:5, 12 May 1797; Tenuisti manum, st695/klIIa:27, 4 April 1798, ed. in KL Alleluia! Confitemini quoniam, st696/klIIa:36, 17 April 1798, ed. H. Graf (Zürich, n.d.); Laudate populi, st792/klIII:4, S, A, T, B, SATB, orch, 7 Dec 1800, ed. O. Biba (Wiesbaden, 1971); Debitam morti, B , st793/klIII:20, S, A, T, B, SATB, orch, 29 Jan 1801; Petite et accipietis, st798/klIIb:35, 8 Aug 1801; Magnus Dominus, st799/klIII:23, 11 Aug 1801; Alleluia! Confitebuntur, st810, 4 April 1802; Domine Deus salutis, st827/klIII:22, S, A, T, B, SATB, orch, 23 Aug 1803, ed. F. Jöde (Wolfenbüttel, 1925); Cantate Domino, A, st828/klIIb:36, 30 Aug 1803
Other latin sacred: for S, A, T, B, SATB and orchestra unless otherwise stated
Alma Redemptoris mater: E , st270/klV:19b, B, orch, ?c1778; D, st637/klV:19a, SATB, orch, 16 Nov 1796; st92, 113, 163, 164, all doubtful Ave regina: a, st140/klV:14a, 23 March 1770, ed. C.H. Sherman (Stuttgart, 1987); G, st650/klV:14b, SATB, orch, 21 Jan 1797; st14, 127, 227, 457, all doubtful Asperges me: B , st98, SATB, org, c1764–72, ed. C.H. Sherman (Stuttgart, 1995); F, st572/klV:7a, F, st573/klV:7b, both SATB, org, ?1795 Completorium: C, st815/klIV:7a, 23 July 1802, ed. M.P. Eckhardt (Zürich, 1979); A, st114/klIV:7b, c1769, ? rev. as/of doubtful Vespers st58/klIV:4
Lits: De venerabili sacramento, d, st66/klIV:14, 8 April 1764; BVM, C, st120/klIV:17b, by c1764; Lauretanae, C, st71/klIV:11, S, SATB, orch, by c1764; Lauretanae, B , st74/88/klIV:9, S, S, S, A, SSSA, orch, 6 Dec 1765, rev. 1768; De SS nominis Jesu, st110/klIV:10, 10 Dec 1768; BVM, C, st157/klIV:16, ?c1770–72; Lauretanae, C, st212, by c1775; De venerabili sacramento, st228/klIV:13, 26 March 1776; BVM, F, st282, c1779; Della Madonna, st330/klIV:12, S, S, A, SSA, orch, 24 Dec 1782; De venerabili sacramento, B , st532/klIV:15, 25 March 1792; BVM, A, st258, S, S, A, org; st89, 156, both doubtful
Psalms: Momento Domine David, st200/klIV:2a, 8 Dec 1774, S, S, orch; A, C, E , st304/klIV:1, SSA, orch, 20 Nov 1781; D, D, B , G, st809/klIV:3, 27 Jan 1802; st102, doubtful
Regina caeli: C, st22, SATB, orch, by c1764, frag.; E , st93/klV:15d, S, B, orch, by c1764; C, st80/klV:15a, 15 May 1766; B , st191, S, S, SSATB, orch, by c1774; st94, 263, 264, all doubtful
Responsoria: In festo SS corporis Christi, st213/klV:11, SATB, org, ?c1775; In coena Domini, st276/klV:9a, In parasceve, st277/klV:9b, In sabbato sancto, st278/klV:9c, all SATB, org, 4 April 1778; In festo resurrectionis Domini, st669/klV:9d, SATB, orch, c1795–8; Ad matutinum in nativitate Domini, st639/klV:9e, SATB, orch, 9 Dec 1796
Salve regina: C, st29/klV:13b1, SATB, orch, 11 Aug 1760; D, st30/klV:13b2, S, SATB, orch, 12 Aug 1760; b, st32/klV:13b4, SATB, orch, 16 Aug 1760; B , st31/klV:13b3, SATB, orch, 17 Aug 1760; D, st33/klV:13b5, B, SATB, orch, 11 Sept 1760; C, st34/klV:13b6, SATB, orch, 13 Sept 1760; B , st90, B, SATB, orch, by c1764; B , st283/klV:13[a]a, ?c1779; A, st634/klV:13[a]d, SATB, orch, 1 Aug 1796, ed. T.C. Pumberger (Stuttgart, 1994); st19, 20, 21, 91, 129, 231, 347, all doubtful
Tantum ergo: d, st130/klV:12d, SATB, org, ?c1768–70; C, st249, S, A, SATB, orch, by c1777; C, st404/klV:12e, SATB, orch, 10 May 1785; C, st460/klV:12i, SATB, orch, ?c1786–8; C, st772/klV:12a, SATB, orch, 20 March 1799; e, st773/klV:12b, SATB, orch, 25 March 1799; st265, 396, both doubtful
TeDeum: C, st28/klV:1, SATB, orch, 1 April 1760; C, st145/klV:2, 9 Dec 1770, ed. R. Pauly (New Haven, CT, 1961); C, st415/klV:6, 30 Jan 1786, ed. H. Graf (Zürich, n.d.); D, st800/klV:4, 21 Aug 1801, ed. L. Dité (Vienna, 1946); D. st829/klV:5, 20 Sept 1803, ed. C.H. Sherman (Stuttgart, 1990)
Tenebrae: a, st125, SATB, org, ?c1768–70; E , st162/klV:8c, SATB, orch, by c1780, ed. T.D. Thomas (New York, 1962); B , st305/klV:8a, SSA, org, 24 Nov 1781; a, st824/klV:8b, SATB, orch, 25 June 1803
Vespers: F, st294/klIV:1a, SSA, 3vv, orch, 22 Dec 1780; De Dominica, st321/klIV:6, 22 July 1782, ed. T.C. Pumberger (Stuttgart, 1994); Pro festo SS Innocentium, st548/klIV:5, S, S, A, SSA, 8 Dec 1793, ed. H. Graf (Zürich, 1971); st58, 214, both doubtful
Other works: Ave maris stella, G, st49, SATB, orch, by c1764; Vidi aquam, e, st99, SATB, org, c1764–72, ed. C.H. Sherman (Stuttgart, 1995); Pange lingua, C, st395/klV:12c, ?c1783–5
Other german sacred works: for S, A, T, B, SATB and orchestra unless otherwise stated
O glorreiche Himmelssonne, st168, S, orch, ?c1770–72; Grosse Frau, wir rufen Dich, st169, S, orch, ?c1770–72; Erhebet euch ihr Augenlider, st167, S, S, orch, ?c1770–72; Dank dem Geber, Dank!, st178, S, S, S, B, SATB, ?c1770–72; Kommt her, ihr Menschen, st180, S, orch, 13 Jan 1772; Leget alle Trauer nieder, st203, S, S, orch, ?c1773–5; Sehet den Reichtum, st194, SATB, orch, c1774; Mutter der Gnaden, st195, S, A, orch, c1774, related to st84; Ein träger Berg, st196, S, A, orch, c1774; Deutsche Lauda Sion, SATB, orch, c1775, related to st215 Gibt acht ihr Hirten, SATB, orch, c1775, ed. A. Kircher (Vienna, 1995); Lauft ihr Hirten allzugleich,st217, S, SATB, orch, c1775, ed. R. Ewerhart (Laaber, 1985); Stimmet ihr Männer, SATB, orch, So wie der Hirsch läuft, both ?c1775, related to Cantate Domino st142/klIII:44; Auf! Ihr Christen, st267/klVI:20, SATB, orch, c1775–8; Gerechter Herr, st219, B, orch, ?c1776; Aria funebris, st303, c 14 Nov 1781; Dich grüssen wir, st301/300, S, SATB, orch, c1781, related to st300; Bei Jubel und wünchenden Tönen,st295, A, T, B, SATB, orch, ?c1781; Erhebet euch, Christen, st368/klVI:9, SATB, orch, 29 May 1784 Weint auch ihr, st371, S, S, orch, 17 June 1784; Heiligste Nacht, st427/429/klVI:28a, SA, orch, 20 Dec 1786, ed. O. Biba (Altötting, 1974); Heiligste Nacht, st428/430/klVI:28b, SA, orch, 20 Dec 1786, ed. O. Biba (Altötting, 1974); Deutsches Dixit et Magnificat, st517/klVI:23d, b, S, S, SS, orch, 24 Aug 1790; Ewiges Wesen, st542, S, A, orch, ? 28 Feb 1793, related to st107; Am Kirchenweifest, st543, SATB, orch, 25 June 1793; Wir betten an, SSB, c1793, related to st73 and 539; Mutter des Lebens, st555/klVI:21, S/T, orch, 25 July 1794 Deutsches Miserere, F,st592/811/klVI:18, S, S, SS, org, 25 March 1795, rev. 12 April 1802; Deutsches Tenebrae, E , st610, SATB, org, ? 11 Nov 1795, lost, listed in catalogue of St Peter’s abbey (1822), related to st162; Wenn ich, o Schöpfer, st567, S, S, orch, ?c1795; Aus Davids Psalmen und biblischen Gesänge, st575, SATB, org, ?c1795; Zu Dir ruft, st576, SS, orch, ?c1795; Deutsches Magnificat, F, st673/klVI:23, S, S, SS, orch, ?c1795–8, related to orat st323; Segenlied, B , st680, SSB, org, c1795–8, related to Ger. Mass st602 Auf die Auferstehung, st684, SSA, orch, ?c1795–8; Deutsche Fastenvesper, G, st674, SS, org, ?c1795–8; Deutscher Segenlied, C, st678, SSB, orch, ?c1795–8; Deutscher Segenlied, C, st679, SSB, orch, ?c1795–8; Deutsches Alma Redemptoris mater, G, st676, SSB, orch, ?c1795–8; Deutsches Ave maris stella, G, st677, S, S, orch, ?c1795–8; Deutsches Salve regina, B , st675, SSB, orch, ?c1795–8; Deutsches Te Deum, C, st672, SAB, orch, ?c1795–8; Gekrönte Himmelskönigin, st687, SSB, orch, ?c1795–8; Komm, heiliger Geist, st685, SSB, orch, ?c1795–8 Lobegesang de venerabili sacramento, C, st681/klVI:8a, S, S, SS, orch, ?1795–8; Stern auf diesem Lebensmeere, st686, SSB, orch, ?c1795–8; Wer nur den lieben Gott, st682/klVI:26, S, S, orch, ?c1795–8; Wie lieblich ist doch, Herr, st683, SS, org, ?c1795–8; Dankesempfindung, st630, SATB, org, 23 March 1796; Grabet mit fleissigen Händen, st636/klVI:22, TTBB, orch, 30 Oct 1796; Segenlied, D, st643/klVI:24d, SSSB, orch, 1797; Deutsches Regina caeli, F, st694/klVI:25, S, S, SS, orch, 30 March 1798; Deutsches Te Deum, C, st836/klVI:19, SATB, orch, 5 June 1805
Doubtful: st131, 166, 170, 514, 680
Oratorios: Oratorium de Passione Domini nostri Jesu Christi, st202, ?c1773–5 Figura: Canticum in tono peregrino (orat), st323, 24 Aug 1782
Vocal secular:
Dramatic: Rebekka als Braut (Spl, after P.F. Reichssiegel: Eliezer), st76, 10 April 1766, intrada ed. in DM, no.144 (1968) Der Traum (pantomime, 2, sequel to Reichssiegel: Pietas in hostem), st84, 7 Feb 1767 Die Schuldigkeit des ersten Gebots, pt ii (sacred drama, I.A. Weiser), st85, before 12 March 1767, lost, pt i by W.A. Mozart, pt iii by A.C. Adlgasser Der Kampf der Busse und Bekehrung, pt ii (orat), st106, 21 Feb 1768 Die Hochzeit auf der Alm (dramatisches Schäfergedicht, 2, sequel to Reichssiegel: Pietas conjugalis in Sigismundo et Maria), st107/218, 6 May 1768, rev. c1776 Kaiser Constantin I. Feldzug und Sieg, pt iii (orat), st117, 20 Feb 1769, pt i by Adlgasser, pt ii by J.G. Scheicher Die Wahrheit der Natur (Spl, sequel to Reichssiegel: Pietas in impium),st118, 7 July 1769 Der reumütige Petrus (orat, Reichssiegel), st138, 11 March 1770, part of Drey Beispiele wahrhafter Busse, incl. Adlgasser: Die gereinigte Magdalena, and J. Krinner: Der veränderte Joseph von Arimathia ? Ballo, st141, 15/16 July 1770 Der büssende Sünder (orat), st147, 15 Feb 1771, Introduzione ed. in DM, no.145 (1968); pt ii of Die menschliche Wanderschaft (Schachtner), incl. Adlgasser: Der laue Christ (pt i), and Krinner: Der sterbende Fromme (pt iii) Hermann, ein Beyspiel der Liebe zum Vaterlande (tragedy, trans. of Reichssiegel: Pietas in patriam), st148, 1773 Der Schulmeister (Spl, F. Angerer), st204, ?c1773–5 Titus, der standhafte Christ (tragedy, trans. of Reichssiegel: Pietas christiana), before 31 Aug 1774, music lost Der Bassgeiger zu Wörgl (Spl), st205, c1775–7 Zaïre (incid music, Voltaire), st255/p13, 29 Sept 1777, ed. in DM, no.577 (1981) Abels Tod (Spl, F.G. Klopstock, after J.S. Patzke), st271, c1778 Der englische Patriot (Spl), st285, c1779 Andromeda e Perseo (os, G.B. Varesco), st438, 14 March 1787, sinfonia (p25) ed. in DM, no.185 (1968) Die Ährenleserin (Spl, C.F. Weisse), st493, 2 July 1788
Other vocal works with instruments: for 4 solo voices, SATB and orchestra unless otherwise stated
Attale et Erimene (cant.), st11, A, T, B, SATB, orch, c1754–7, frag.; Ah ingrato m’inganni nel darmi speranza (aria), st70, 16 Dec 1764, lost, listed in Lang (c1804); Ninfe in belli (cant.), st73, S, T, SATB, orch, 15 Jan 1765; Quid video superiale (applausus), st144, T, B, SATB, orch, 14 Nov 1770, sinfonia ed. in DM, no.138 (1968); Der gute Hirt (cant.), st181, 3 S, SATB, orch, 4 April 1772; Endimione (serenata),st186, 4 S, SATB, orch, c1773; Ein träger Berg (lied), st196, S, A, orch, 1774; An somnio? Anne vigilio? (applicatio), st279, 7 June 1778; Amor subditorum (applausus), st289, 19 July 1780; Lied der Recruten, st296, T, B, TB, orch, c1781; Liedchen für den Feldwebel, st297, T, orch, ?c1781 Morgenlied der Bauern, st298, A, B, orch, ?c1781; Auch die sprödeste der Schönen (lied), st462, S, S, kbd, before 1784, also attrib. J. Haydn (h XXVIa:18) (Vienna, 1784, attrib. J. Haydn); Die Jubelfeyer, st449, 30 Sept 1787; Schäffer-Kantate, st455, 28 Dec 1787; Der deutsche Kaiser Joseph lebe gesund, st512, SATB, orch, 19 Oct 1798; Der fröhliche Wiederschein (applausus), st527, SATB, orch, 1791; Hochzeitslied, st607, S, S, STB, orch, 7 Sept 1795, also in applicatio st279; Patritius, Gelegenheits-Cantate, st668, S, B, SATB, orch, 26 Sept 1797; Frohlocke Helfenburg hoch! An Ferdinand Churfürst zu Salzburg, st821, 1 March 1803, lost, listed in Rettensteiner (1814); Der Christ auf Golgotha,st831/klVI:15, 15 March 1804
Partsongs for male voices: most for 4 solo male voices; many also in versions for solo voice and keyboard
Feuer zu werden, st450, ? c30 Sept 1787, related to Die Jubelfeyer st449; Mit frommen Eifer,st539/538, ?c1793, related to cant. st73; Was ists dass ich mich quäle? st540/541, ?c1793; Commercelied,st558/822, 1 Sept 1794, rev. 21 April 1803; Hymne an Gott, st588, 7 Jan 1795; Trinklied im Winter, st590, 31 Jan 1795; Verwandlungen,st591, 5 Feb 1795; Ständchen, st593/594, ? c18 April 1795; Einweihung, st597/606, 23 July 1795; Auf den Tod des Herrn Schachtners, st598, 24 July 1795; An Ignatia, st599/566, 28 July 1795; An unsern Garten, st604/605, 2 Sept 1795; Lied der Freiheit, st608/609, 6 Nov 1795; Das Liedchen von der Ruh,st579/587, Glückwunsch, st578, Tischlied, st585/626, all 1795; Die Unschuld, st580, Der frühe Bund, st, both ?1795; Die alten und heutigen Sitten, st564/563, c1795 Abendempfindung, st728, An die Sonne, st730, Der Arme, st731/732, Die Biene, st733, Der Bund, st734, Dankt dem Herrn, st735, Eintracht, st737, Freundschaft! Wie heilig, st74, Grabe, Spaden!, st743, Herbstlied, st744, Jugendglück, st748, Das Kammerfenster, st749 (formerly attrib. W.A. Mozart, k441c/C9.04, as Liebes Mädchen), Lebensweisheit, st752, Ein Lied von der Behutsamkeit, st753, Ein Lied von der Geduld, st755, Ein Lied zur Prüfung, st754, Meine Grille, st756, Der Morgen im Lenz, st758, Pein der Liebe, st761, Die Rose, st762, Scherzend unter Necktar-Küssen, st764, Der Tanzbär, st767, Der Wechsel, st770, all ?c1795–9 Das Gebet, st627, 12 Feb 1796; Sagt, wo sind die Veichen hin, st632/631, 23 July 1796; An Decini, st613, Ehrenlied, st624, Freundschaftslied,st615/616, Frühlingslied, st620/621, Meiner Freunde Gesinnungen, st614, Trinklied, st622/623, Schon grünen die Hecker, st633, all 1796; Sehnsucht nach Liebe, st648, Türkisches Kriegslied, st649/664, both 3 Jan 1797; Monsieur Hans, st657/658, 7 June 1797; Lied im Grünen, st659/660, 24 June 1797; Trinklied, st661/662, 11 July 1797; Friedenslied, st644/647, Rundgesang für eine Gesellschaft Studierender, st645, both 1797; Rundgesang, st646, ?1797 Der Obersulzer Wein, st697, 16 June 1798; Die Schweitzer, st692, 1798; Der Invalid an seinen Fleischtopf, st774, An alle Deutsche, st775, both 10 June 1799; Zu ihr! zu ihr! st776, 11 June 1799; Ständchen,st777–9, 23 June 1799; Bierlied, st780, 7 July 1799; Von ihr!, st781, 26 Oct 1799; Das Landleben, st782, 24 Nov 1799; Abendlied, st784, 20 Jan 1800; Der Sänger, st785/786, 11 April 1800; Rundgesang beim Abschied eines Biedermannes, st787, 5 June 1800; Josephe, st788/789, 25 June 1800; Trinklied im Freien,st790, 8 Sept 1800; Die Seligkeit der Liebe, st783, 1800 Nach dem Abzuge der Franzosen, st795/647, 1 March 1801; Freut euch des Lebens, st816, 28 Oct 1802; Auf den Tod eines Hündchens, st812/813, 18 April 1802; Der couragierte Schneidergesell, st807, Sauf, Du alter Gassenschlängel,st808, both ?1802; Der Invalid an sein Holzbein, st817, 4 Jan 1803; Der verlassene Mutter am Strome,st818/819, 8 Jan 1803; An den Hain zu Aigen, st832, 16 April 1804, ed. H. Graf (Zürich, 1959), V. Korda (Vienna, 1961); Sehnsucht nach dem Landleben, st833, 25 Nov 1804; An den Herrn von Moll, st834/835, 4 Feb 1805; arrs. of folksongs and works by others
Canons: for 4 unaccompanied voices unless otherwise stated
Mailied, st589, 31 Jan 1795; Es packe Dich, st577, 5vv, c1795, formerly attrib. W.A. Mozart (kAnh.10.14); Einladung in unsern Garten/Vom Glück sei alles, st581/619, c1795, rev. c1796; Glück fehl Dir/Frater Caspar Decini!st582/583, ?c1795; Wohlsein, Freunde/Frater Fulgens,st584, 5vv, ?c1795; Adam hat sieben Söhn’, st699, ?c1795–9; Allegremente tutti, st232, 3vv, ?c1795–9; Der arme Sünder, st700, ?c1795–9, formerly attrib. Mozart (kAnh.C10.13); Canoni voi volite, 3vv, st234, ?c1795–9; Che viver vuoi contento, st235, Cominicio solo, st236, both 3vv, ?c1795–9; Ehr’ sei dem Vater, 5vv, st704, ?c1795–9; Ich und Du, st708, Die Mässigkeit, st709, both ?c1795–9; Mein Dämä, mein Fingä, mein Ellebog’n, st710, ?c1795–9 Perchè vezzosi rai, st242, Per ti, mio ben, st243, Questi son canoni, st244, Se tu mi vuoi, st246, all 3vv, ?c1795–9; Sintemal und all’ die Weilen, st641, ?c1795–9; Tausch an, mein lieba Schiffmann, st718, 5vv, ?c1795–9; Tre dolci e cari nomi, st247, 3vv, ?c1795–9; Vinum latificat cor hominis, st721, ?c1795–9; Vorgetan und nachgedacht, st722, Wer nicht liebt Wien, st725, both 5vv, ?c1795–9; Wer reines Herzens ist, st726, ?c1795–9; Es lebe Taddeo, st617, Die Gans bebrüht das Gänschen, st612, Herzige Nani!st618, all 1796; Ecce quam bonum, st698a/814, 8vv, 16 Oct 1798, orig. lost, rev. 1 July 1802; Elle avoit une beauté, st803/804, ?c1801–2, 2 versions; Le vin blanc, st805, ?c1802–2
Doubtful: st24, stAppx, 7, and h I:C19, d3, F16, G4 and B16, attrib. M. Haydn or only ‘Haydn’; over 25 others, each attrib. both to M. Haydn or only ‘Haydn’ and to another comp., attrib. incl. p39 (? by J.B. Vanhal), p40 and 48 (? by F.X. Pokorny),p50 (? by G.C. Wagenseil)
Other orchestral: Serenades (Finalmusik): st60/61/p34, solo trbn, solo tpt, orch, ? Aug 1763, frag., probably orig. 2 trbn conc. movts, tpt conc. movts and an existing sym., movts ed. in DM, nos.344, 373 (1974); D, st68/p38/58, solo tpt, solo trbn, 2 fl, 2 ob, 2 hn, 2 bn, 2 tpt, str, 4 Aug 1764, ed. L. Kalmár (Budapest, 1965); B , st133/104/p52, solo tpt, 2 fl, 2 ob, 2 hn, str, c1764–72; Serenata, D, st86/p87, solo fl, hn, trbn, vn and vc, 2 ob, 2 bn, 2 hn, 2 tpt, str, 10 Aug 1767, ed. W. Rainer (Bad Reichenhall, 1987), incl. movts from Sym., D, Aug 1767; Casatio, D,st171/p89, 2 ob, 2 hn, 2 tpt, [timp,] str, c1771–85; Serenata, D, st407/p85, fl, 2 ob, 2 bn, 2 hn, 2 tpt, timp, str, 9 Sept 1785, ed. G. Darvas (Budapest, 1966); p86 and 87, spurious, by F.X. Pokorny
Other works: Pastorello, st83/p91, 4 tpt, timp, str, org, 23 Dec 1766, ed. G. Schünemann (Leipzig, 1940); Inglese, st529/p83, 2 ob, 2 hn, 2 bn, 2 tpt, timp, str, 7 March 1791; Notturno, st153, incl. movts from music to stage works st141, 148, doubtful
Concs. (only solo insts listed): Vn, B , st36/p53, 20 Dec 1760, ed. in DM, no.3 (1960); Vn, G, st52, c1757–64, 2nd movt rev. with tpt solo in Serenade st60/61/p34; Org/hpd, va, C, st41/p55, 19 Dec ?1761, ed. in DM, no.182 (1970); Fl, D, st81/p54, 19 Sept 1766, ed. J. Vécsey (Budapest, 1957); Fl, D, st105/p56, c1771–85, ed. H.C.R. Landon (Salzburg, 1959); Hpd, F, st268/p57, c1775–8, frag.; Vn, A, st207, ?c1776, ed. in DM, no.194 (1968)
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Chamber: many works entitled ‘divertimento’
Str qnts (all for 2 vn, 2 va, b): Notturno, C, st187/p108, 17 Feb 1773, ed. H. Albrecht (Lippstadt, 1950); Notturno, G, st189/p109, 1 Dec 1773, ed. H. Albrecht (Leipzig, 1950); B , st412/p105, c1782–8, ed. in P; F, st367/p110, 27 May 1784, ed. in Denkmäler der Musik in Salzburg, vii (Bad Reichenhall, 1991); F, st411/421/p112/59, 30 June 1786, ed. H. Albrecht (Lippstadt, 1950); p114, doubtful, also attrib. J. Haydn (h II:G1); p113, spurious, by J. Haydn (h II:9)
Str qts (2 vn, va, b): B , st316/p125, ?c1780–82, ed. in DM, no.667 (1980); D, st319/p93, 27 May 1781, ed. W. Upmeyer (Hanover, 1927); A, st299/p121, ?c1781, ed. in DM, no.666 (1980); st174, 175, both inc.; st172/p104 doubtful; st308/p124, st309/p118,st310/p122, st311/p120, st312/p119, all ed. in DM, nos.331–5 (1971–2), doubtful; st313/p116, ed. in DM, no.595 (1972), doubtful; st314, doubtful; st209/p123 (attrib. J. Haydn and G. Pugnani), st315 (attrib. J. Hafeneder), both probably spurious
Str trios (for 2 vn, b, unless otherwise stated): D, st5/p101, G, st6/p103, E, st7, A, st8, Variazione, E , st9, B , st10, all ?c1754–7, ed. C.H. Sherman (Stuttgart, 1987); C, st27, ?c1764–70, vn, vc, b, ed. C.H. Sherman (Stuttgart, 1978); p102, doubtful
4 duos, vn, va, C, D, E, F, st335–8/p127–30, 1783 (Vienna, 1788), ed. C.H. Sherman (Bellingham, WA, 1985) set completed by W.A. Mozart, k423, 424
Other chbr: Partita, F, st59/p107, 2 cl, 2 hn, bn, 22 Dec 1762, lost, listed in Lang (c1804); Divertimento, C, st179/p98, fl, va, b, before 1772; Notturno, F, st185/p106, 2 hn, 2 vn, va, b, 21 Dec 1772, ed. in DM, no.26 (1963); Divertimento, B , st199/p92, ob, bn, vn, va, b, 18 Sept 1774, ed in DM, no.24 (1962); Divertimento, G, st406/p94, fl, bn, hn, bn, va, 17 June 1785, ed. in DM, no.25 (1962); Divertimento, D, st418/p95, 2 ob, 2 bn, 2 hn, 9 March 1786, ed. in DM, no.312 (1969); Divertimento, E , st516/p111, cl, bn, hn, vn, va, 4 July 1790; Divertimento, G, st518/p96, ob, bn, 2 hn, va, b, 4 Sept 1790, ed. in DM, no.275 (1969); Divertimento, C, st600/p115, eng hn, vn, va, b, ? 3 Aug 1795/8 June 1790; Divertimento, C, stAppx, 8/p97, 4 hn, bn, Sonata, stAppx, 9/p126, 2 vn, org, both lost, listed in Lang (1804); Romanze, F, st806, hn, str, ?c1802 (Vienna, n.d.), arr., attrib. Haydn, of Larghetto from W.A. Mozart’s Hn Conc. k447; st54, 55, st208/p90, st173, 463, 464, all doubtful; p117, spurious, probably by J.B. Davaux
Literatura:
Partiturundament A-Sca, MS, Ssp, ed. M. Bischofreiter (Salzburg, 1833) 50 kleine Orgelstücke zu nützlichen Übung für angehende Orgelspieler, bestehend aus Praeludien, Versetten und Cadenzen (MS, D-Mbs); edns (Linz, c1830), (Paris, c1960)
The Berlin Celebration Concert – Beethoven, Symphony No 9 Bernstein 1989
Conducted by Leonard Bernstein, THE BERLIN CELEBRATION CONCERT is an historic performance marking the fall of the Berlin Wall. Performed on Christmas Day 1989 in the former East Berlin, the concert unites an international cast of celebrated musicians and vocalists for a moving performance of Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony.
Symphonieorchester des Bayerisches Rundfunks and members of Staatskapelle Dresden, Orchestra of the Leningrad Kirov Theatre, London Symphony Orchestra, New York Philharmonic and Orchestre de Paris.
«Beethoven: Symphony No.9 In D Minor, Op.125 – «Choral» – 2. Molto vivace», de Symphonieorchester des Bayerischen Rundfunks (Google Play • iTunes)
Ludwig van Beethoven fue un genio. Compuso 343 obras en total, incluyendo nueve sinfonías, una ópera, dos misas, 32 sonatas para piano, cinco conciertos para piano, un concierto para violín, un triple concierto para violín, violonchelo, piano y orquesta, 16 cuartetos de cuerda, 10 sonatas para violín y piano, cinco sonatas para violonchelo y piano y decenas de obras más,
Entre todo su legado hay una pieza que destaca, y no solo por su belleza musical, sino por todo lo que significó para la música y el arte en general. La 9ª Sinfonía de Beethoven resignificó a la música clásica y cambió su rumbo para siempre: comenzó el romanticismo, fue la primera sinfonia con percusión, con coro y de una duración tan larga.
Wilhelm Furtwängler (Berlín, Alemania, 25 de Enero de 1886 – Schloss Eberstein, cerca de Baden-Baden, id., 30 de Noviembre de 1954) está considerado por gran parte de la comunidad musical como el mejor director de orquesta de la primera mitad del siglo XX.
La tarde del 22 de Agosto de 1954, Furtwängler dirigió en Lucerna por nonagésimo sexta y última vez la Novena Sinfonía de Beethoven. Por la mañana, había sido entrevistado por la radio suiza (Suisse-Romande) en relación a la obra beethoveniana. El entrevistador preguntó a Furtwängler qué significaba para él la novena sinfonía, después de tantos años de estudio e interpretaciones.
Su respuesta sigue siendo hoy en día una reveladora síntesis de su pensamiento más profundo e íntimo:
“La novena sinfonía es seguramente el final y la coronación de todas las sinfonías de Beethoven. Pero en contra de la creencia de Wagner, no es el fin del sinfonismo, como el desarrollo ulterior de la forma sinfonía demostrara. La novena sinfonía pertenece a las grandes obras del periodo final beethoveniano, junto con la Missa Solemnis, las últimas sonatas o los últimos cuartetos.
Beethoven nunca intentó escribir una obra popular, era una personalidad demasiado erudita para eso. De hecho… ¿Quién hay más individualista que Beethoven? Pero conocía la importancia que la comunidad de las gentes tiene incluso para una persona aislada, y para liberarse de ese aislamiento se volvió hacia la gran fraternidad humana. Este es el verdadero contenido de su visión de la vida, la actitud de todas sus composiciones, y por eso le honramos como un Santo.
Como cualquier análisis preciso puede enseñar, la novena es sobre todo música pura. La así llamada “Fantasía Coral” es sin duda una especie de estudio introductorio a la novena sinfonía, pero hemos de asumir que cuando componía dicha fantasía coral, Beethoven no podía prever que escribiría una obra como la Novena.
Según mi criterio, la inspiración es igual de elevada en los cuatro movimientos. En cualquier caso, la popular melodía del Finale no rebaja tal nivel.
Por lo que sé, en vida de Beethoven la obra sólo se tocó una vez. Sólo posteriormente hemos podido mensurar los problemas que esta obra, totalmente nueva, suscitaba a los intérpretes. Fue la interpretación de Richard Wagner lo que marcó el éxito duradero de la obra. De otra parte, hay que tener en cuenta que la tradición sólo tiene sentido si está viva y presente. Almacenar y congelar obras como la novena sinfonía de Beethoven es imposible. Como todas las obras de arte vivas, esta pieza sólo morirá cuando las gentes, la comunidad humana para la que nació, dejen de existir. Cualquier obra musical concebida a la medida de Europa, sólo será duradera mientras Europa lo sea.”
Segóbriga es una de las ciudades romanas mejores conservadas al paso del tiempo. Segóbriga está situada en Saelices (Cuenca) y preservada como el conjunto arqueológico más importante de la Meseta de la Península Ibérica. Estuvo rodeada y protegida de una muralla de 1300 metros de recorrido construida en torno al 50 a.C. con varias puertas de acceso para la entrada y la salida de la ciudad.
In Die Kunst der Fuge (The Art of Fugue) composer Johann Sebastian Bach explores the the art of the fugue composition in 20 different variations.
In May 2006 members of Musica Antiqua Köln played Johann Sebastian Bach’s Die Kunst der Fuge (The Art of Fugue) for this film project in various spaces of a museum building designed by Japanese architect Tadao Ando, close to the German town of Düsseldorf. The building is made of concrete, glass, and steel. The unique mix of reduction and minimalism on one hand and visual variety and opulence on the other hand makes it a perfect setting for a performance of Bach’s Art of Fugue.
Since Reinhard Goebel founded it in 1973, Musica Antiqua Köln was the German ensemble for Early Music. The interpretation of The Art of Fugue pervades the history of the Musica Antiqua Cologne Ensemble not just because of its countless worldwide performances but also with its recording in 1986 which set a worldwide benchmark. In the year of disbandment the Ensemble recorded the opus again for the film.
In the film different parameters like shot size, shot length, perspective, rhythm or lighting, correspond with the musical form and dramaturgy.
Printed works except anthologies published in Venice unless otherwise stated
Edition: Cipriano de Rore: Opera omnia, ed. B. Meier, CMM, xiv (1959–77) [M]Vocal secular:
Madrigals
I madrigali, 5vv (1542, enlarged 2/1544 as Il primo libro de madregali cromatici) [1542; 2/1544]
Il secondo libro de madregali, 5vv (1544) [1544]
Il terzo libro di madrigali, 5vv (1548, supp. 1549) [1548; 1549a]
Musica … sopra le stanze del Petrarcha … libro terzo, 5vv (1548, supp. 1549) [1548; 1549]
Il primo libro de madrigali, 4vv (Ferrara, 1550) [1550]
Il quarto libro d’imadregali, 5vv (1557) [1557]
Il secondo libro de madregali, 4vv (1557) [1557]
Li madrigali libro quarto, 5vv (1562) [1562]
Le vive fiamme de’ vaghi e dilettevoli madrigali, 4, 5vv (1565) [1565]
Il quinto libro de madrigali, 5vv (1566) [1566]
Works in 1547, 1548, 1549, 1560, 1561, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1568, 1570
Alcun non può saper (Ariosto), 5vv, 1557; M iv, 87
Alla dolce ombra (Petrarch), 4vv, 1550; M iv, 7
Alma real, se come fida stella, 5vv, 1565; M v, 83
Alma Susanna, 5vv, 1565; M v, 49
Altiero sasso (F.M. Molza), 5vv, 1542; M ii, 25
Amor ben mi credevo, 4vv, 1550; M iv, 28
Amor che t’ho fatt’io, 5vv, 1565; M v, 71
Amor che vedi (2p Ben veggio di lontano) (Petrarch), 5vv, 1542; M ii, 87
Amor se così dolce, 8vv, 1557; M iv, 120
Anchor che col partire (?A. d’Avalos), 4vv, 1547; M iv, 31
Beato mi direi, 4vv, 1557; M iv, 64
Ben qui si mostra il ciel, 4vv, 1561; M v, 1
Ben si conviene a voi, 5vv, 1542; M ii, 93
Candido e vago fiore, 5vv, 1565; M v, 74
Cantai mentre ch’i arsi (G. Brevio), 5vv, 1542; M ii, 1
Cantiamo lieti, 5vv, 1544; M ii, 108
Chi con eterna legge, 4vv, 1548; M iv, 51
Chi non sa, 4vv, 1557; M iv, 58
Chi vol veder quantunque (2p Vedrà, s’arriva) (Petrarch), 5vv, 1542; M ii, 69
Come la notte (Ariosto), 5vv, 1557; M iv, 93
Com’havran fin, 4vv, 1547; M iv, 34
Convien ch’ovunque (Ariosto), 5vv, 1566; M v, 108
Da le belle contrade, 5vv, 1566; M v, 96
Da l’estrem’orizonte, 5vv, 1565; M v, 53
Da quei bei lumi (G. Brevio), 5vv, 1542; M ii, 100
Datemi pace (Petrarch), 4vv, 1557; M iv, 73
Deh, se ti strinse, amore, 5vv, 1544; M ii, 143
Di tempo in tempo (Petrarch), 4vv, 1550; M iv, 36
Di virtù di costumi (2p Così’l mio stil), 5vv, 1557; M iv, 100
Donna ch’ornata sete, 4vv, 1550; M iv, 39
Era il bel viso (2p E ne la face) (Ariosto), 4vv, 1561; M v, 3
Far potess’io vendetta (2p Così gli afflitti) (Petrarch), 5vv, 1542; M ii, 81
Felice sei, Trevigi, 4vv, 1565; M v, 12
Fera gentil (2p Perchè si stretto è’Lnodo), 5vv, 1565; M v, 43
Fontana di dolore (Petrarch), 4vv, 155724; M iv, 70
Fu forse un tempo (2p Ogni mio ben) (Petrarch), 5vv, 1544; M ii, 137
Gravi pene in amor (2p Io dico e dissi) (Ariosto), 3vv, 1549; M iv, 1
Hor che l’aria (2p Sol nel mio petto), 5vv, 1542; M ii, 96
Hor che’l ciel (2p Così sol d’una chiara fonte) (Petrarch), 5vv, 1542; M ii, 4
Il desiderio, 4vv, 15662; M v, 23
Il mal mi preme (2p Ben ch’i non sia) (Petrarch), 5vv, 1542; M ii, 44
I mi vivea (2p O natura, pietosa) (Petrarch), 5vv, 1544; M ii, 126
Io canterei d’amor (Petrarch), 4vv, 1550; M iv, 19
Io credea che’l morire, 4vv, 1550; M iv, 33
Ite rime dolenti (2p E se qualche pietà), 5vv, 1548; M iii, 80
La bella Greca, 5vv, 1557; M iv, 82
La bella netta ignuda, 4vv, 1548; M iv, 21
La giustitia immortale (G. Cinzio), 4vv, 1548; M iv, 26
L’alto signor (2p L’una piagh’arde) (Petrarch), 6vv, 1557; M iv, 113
Lasso che mal accorto (Petrarch), 5vv, 1548; M iii, 41
L’augel sacro di Giove (2p Ondi’il bel nome vostro), 5vv, 1548; M iii, 76
La vita fugge (2p Tornami avanti) (Petrarch), 5vv, 1542; M ii, 34
L’inconstantia che seco han (Giraldi Cinzio), 4vv, 1548; M iv, 46
L’ineffabil bonta (Ariosto), 5vv, 1557; M iv, 105
Madonn’hormai (A. Molino), 4vv, 156416; ed. S. Cisilino, Celebri raccolte musicali venete del Cinquecento, i (Padua, 1974); M v, 7
Mentre la prima mia novella etade, 4vv, 155724; M iv, 76
Mentre lumi maggior, 5vv, 156617; M v, 92
Mia benigna fortuna (2p Crudele acerba) (Petrarch), 4vv, 155724; M iv, 79
Ne l’aria in questi dì, 4vv, 156813; M v, 26
Non è ch’il duol, 4vv, 1550; M iv, 23
Non è lasso martire (F. Spiro), 5vv, 156617; M v, 105
Non gemme non fin’ oro, 4vv, 1550; M iv, 44
O dolci sguardi (2p E se talhor) (Petrarch), 5vv, 154417; M ii, 121
O morte, eterno fin (G. Brevio), 5vv, 155723; M iv, 84
O santo fior felice, 5vv, 156617; M v, 115
O sonno (G. della Casa), 4vv, 155724; M iv, 66
O voi che sotto l’amoroso insegne (2p Si dirà poi ciascun) (Guidiccioni), 5vv, 156023; M v, 34
Padre del ciel (2p Hor volge, Signor) (Petrarch), 5vv, 154417; M ii, 132
Per mezz’i boschi (2p Parmi d’udirla) (Petrarch), 5vv, 1542; M ii, 51
Perseguendomi amor (2p Io dicea franio cor) (Petrarch), 5vv, 1542; M ii, 62
Poggiand’al ciel (2p Tal si trova), 5vv, 1542; M ii, 9
Poi che m’invita Amore (2p E se pur mi mantiene), 5vv, 156518; M v, 78
Pommi ov’il sol (Petrarch), 5vv, 1548; M iii, 68
Qual donn’attende (2p Ivi’L parlar) (Petrarch), 5vv, 1548; M iii, 52
Qual’è più grand’o amore, 4vv, 1550; M iv, 49
Qualhor rivolgo il basso (2p Ma pur in te sperar), 5vv, 1566; M v, 99
Quand’io son tutto volto (2p Così davanti ai colpi) (Petrarch), 5vv, 1542; M ii, 14
Quand’io veggio (2p Poscia in pensar), 5vv, 1548; M iii, 72
Quand fra l’altre donne (2p Io benedico ’l loco) (Petrarch), 5vv, 1548; M iii, 64
Quando signor lasciaste (2p Ma poi che vostr’altezza) (Giraldi Cintio), 5vv, 1557; M iv, 96
Quanto più m’avicino (2p Perchè con lui cadrà) (Petrarch), 5vv, 1542; M ii, 56
Quel foco che tanti anni, 4vv, 1547; M iv, 52
Quel sempre acerbo (2p L’atto d’ogni gentil pietate) (Petrarch), 5vv, 1542; M ii, 76
Quel vago impallidir (2p Conobbi allhor) (Petrarch), 5vv, 1548; M iii, 48
Quest’affanato mio doglioso core, 5vv, 1565; M v, 61
S’amor la viva fiamma (2p Novo consiglio), 5vv, 1548; M iii, 84
Scarco di doglia (2p Ma il ben pensier), 5vv, 1548; M iii, 88
Schiet’arbuscel, di cui (B. Ferrino), 4vv, 1557; M iv, 60
Scielgan l’alme sorelle (2p Ardir, senno, virtù), 5vv, 1544; M ii, 116
Se ben il duol (2p Ben voi), 5vv, 1557; M iv, 107
Se’l mio sempre per voi, 4vv, 1550; M iv, 41
Se voi poteste (2p Che gentil pianta) (Petrarch), 5vv, 15489; M iii, 60
Sfrondate, o sacre dive, 5vv, 1544; M ii, 113
S’honest’amor può meritar (2p Ond’io spero) (Petrarch), 5vv, 1548; M iii, 43
Signor mio caro (2p Carità di signore) (Petrarch), 4vv, 1550; M iv, 15
S’io’l dissi mai, fortuna (2p Ma s’io no’l dissi), 5vv, 2/1544; M ii, 103
Sì traviato è ’l folle (2p E poi che’l fren) (Petrarch), 5vv, 1548; M iii, 56
Solea lontana (2p Non ti soven) (Petrarch), 5vv, 1542; M ii, 20
Strane ruppi (2p A guisa d’horn) (L. Tansillo), 5vv, 1542; M ii, 29
Tra più beati (2p Io qui non miro), 5vv, 1565; M v, 56
Tu piangi (2p Lei tutta intenta) (Tebaldeo), 5vv, 1542; M ii, 40
Tutto’L dì piango (2p Lasso, che pur) (Petrarch), 3vv, 1549; M iv, 4
Un’altra volta la Germania strida, 4vv, 1557; M iv, 54
Vaghi pensieri, 5vv, 1565; M v, 66
Vieni dolce Himineo, 5vv, 1570; M v, 123
Vergine bella (Petrarch), 5vv, 1548 (strophes 1–6 only), 1548 (complete); M iii, 1
Volgi’l tuo corso (G.B. Pigna), 5vv, 1557; M iv, 90
doubtful madrigals
A che con nuovo laccio, 5vv 1549b; M iii, 37
A che più strali amor (2p Hor non ricuso) (Ariosto), 4vv, 1575; M v, 29
Alme gentili, 5vv, 1576(doubtful); M v, 131
Che giova dunque (Petrarch), 5vv, 1576; M v, 127
Chi vol veder tutta (2p Vedrà i biondi capei) (G. Parabosco), 4vv, 1565 ( also attrib. Ingegneri); M v, 15
Deh hor foss’io (Petrarch), 5vv, 1562; M v, 41
Lieta vivo e contenta, 6vv, 1591 (cf I-MOe C.311); M v, 136
Non mi toglia, 4vv, 156518 ( also attrib. Ingegneri); M v, 18
Quando lieta sperai (E. Anguisciola), 5vv, 1549 (? by Morales); M iii, 34
Se com’il biondo crin, 5vv, 1566; M v, 121
S’eguale a la mia voglia, 6vv, 1591; M v, 138
Se qual è ’l mio dolore, 4vv, 1575; M v, 32
Spesso in parte (L. Gonzaga), 4vv, 1565 ( also attrib. Ingegneri); M v, 10
Volgend’al ciel, 5vv, 1562; M v, 38
secular latin compositions
Motetta, 5vv (1545) [1545]
Le vive fiamme de’ vaghi e dilettevoli madrigali, 4, 5vv (1565) [1565]
Il quinto libro de madrigali, 5vv (1566) [1566]
Works in 1544, 1544, 1549, 1549, 1555
Calami sonum ferentes, 4vv, 1555; M vi, 108
Concordes adhibete animos, 5vv, 156617 (lacking 2p); M v, 118
Dispeream nisi sit dea, 5vv, 1549; M i, 140
Dissimulare etiam (2p Quin etiam hiberno, 3p Me ne fugis) (Virgil), 5–7vv, M vi, 6
Donec gratus eram tibi (Horace), 8vv, M vi, 16
Hesperiae cum laeta (2p Quis mihi te similem) (G. Faletti), 5vv, 1549; M i, 127
Itala quae cecidit (2p Una tibi floret), 5vv, 15446; M i, 7
Labore primus Hercules, 5vv, M vi, 53
Mirabar solito laetas (N. Stopius), 6vv, M vi, 87
Musica dulci sono, 4vv, 1565; M v, 20
O fortuna potens (2p Haec aufert iuvenes) (C.F. Symphosius, attrib. Virgil), 5vv, M vi, 73
O qui populos suscipis (G.B. Pigna), 5vv, M vi, 70
O socii neque enim (2p Per varios casus) (Virgil), 5vv, 1566; M v, 110
Pulchrior italicis [= Beatam me dicent], 5vv, 1545; M i, 48
Quis tuos presul (2p Quin tenes legum), 6vv, 1544; M vi, 176
Rex Asiae et Ponti, 5vv, 1565; M v, 88
chansons
Il primo libro de madrigali, 4vv (Ferrara, 1550) [1550]
Amour ne faict, 5vv, 1570; M viii, 54
En voz adieux, 4vv, 1550; M viii, 39
Susann’un iour, 5vv, 1570; M viii, 49
Tout ce qu’on peut, 4vv, 1557; M viii, 46
Early or doubtful:
Mon petit cueur, 8vv, 1550 (doubtful); M viii, 8;
Reiouyssons nous, 4vv, 1545; M viii, 37;
Vous scavez bien, 4vv, 1552, F-CA 125–8 (anon., dated 1542); M viii, 44
Vocal religiosa:
Motets
Motectorum liber primus, 5vv (1544) [1544]
Motetta, 5vv (1545) [1545]
Il terzo libro di motetti, 5vv (1549) [1549]
Passio … secundum Joannem, 2–6vv (Paris, 1557) [1557]
Motetta, 4vv (1563) [1563]
Sacrae cantiones, 5–7vv (1595) [1595]
Works in 1549, 1551, 1554, 1555, 1566, 1567, 1569
Ad te levavi (2p Miserere nostri), 5vv, 15673; M vi, 135
Agimus tibi gratias, 5vv, 15832; M vi, 47
Angustiae mihi sunt (2p Deus aeternae), 5vv, 15497; M i, 147
Ave regina, 7vv; M vi, 95
Beati omnes (2p Ecce sic benedicetur), 4vv, 15634; M vi, 23
Beatus homo (2p Dominus sapientia), 5vv, 1545; M i, 34
Benedictum est nomen (2p Ad te, Domine), 5vv; M vi, 57
Benedictus Deus, 5vv, 15446; M i, 26
Cantantibus organis (2p Biduanis ac triduanis), 5vv, 1545; M i, 79
Caro mea (2p Hic est panis), 4vv, 15634; M vi, 34
Da pacem, 5vv, 1595; M vi, 67
Descendi in hortum meum, 7vv, 1595; M vi, 1
Deus pacis, 4vv, 15634; M vi, 40
Domine Deus (2p Quis enim tibi dicet), 5vv, 15498; M i, 133
Domine quis habitabit (2p Ad nihilum deductus est), 5vv, 1545; M i, 104
Ecce odor filii mei (2p Esto dominus fratrum), 5vv; M vi, 78
Et in saecula saeculorum, frag., D-Mbs
Exaudiat me Dominus (2p Impleat Dominus), 5vv, 1545; M i, 56
Exspectans exspectavi (2p Et immisit in os meum), 5vv, 1595; M vi, 158
Gaude, Maria virgo (2p Gabrielem archangelum), 5vv, 15446; M i, 12
Gratia vobis et pax, 4vv, 15634; M vi, 38
Hodie Christus natus est, 6vv, 15804; M vi, 83
Illuxit nunc sacra dies, 5vv, 15497; M i, 152
In convertendo (2p Converte Domine), 5vv, 1545; M i, 40
In die tribulationis, 5vv, 15446; M i, 18
In Domino confido (2p Dominus in templo sancto suo), 5vv, 1545; M i, 51
Infelix ego (2p Ad te igitur), 6vv, 1595; M vi, 184
Iustus es Domine, 5vv, 1595; M vi, 61
Laudem dicite Deo, 5vv, 1595; M vi, 64
Levavi oculos (2p Dominus custodit te), 5vv, 1545; M i, 98
Miserere mei Deus (2p Ecce enim, 3p Ne projicias), 5vv; M vi, 198
Miserere nostri Deus (2p Alleva manum tuam), 4vv, 15634; M vi, 26
Nulla scientia melior (2p O quam necessaria), 5vv, 15446; M i, 1
Nunc cognovi (2p Beata servi tui), 6vv, 1545; M i, 114
O altitudo divitiarum (2p Quis enim cognovit), 5vv, 15497; M i, 122
O crux benedicta, 4vv, 15634; M vi, 32
Pater noster, 5vv, M vi, 49
Plange quasi (2p Accingite vos), 5vv, 1545; M i, 63
Quanti mercenarii (2p Pater peccavi), 5vv, 1545; M i, 86
Quem vidistis, pastores, 7vv; M vi, 100
Quid gloriaris (2p Videbunt iusti), 5vv, 1545; M i, 90
Regina caeli, 3vv, 155116; M viii, 34
Repleatur os meum (2p Clementissime pater), 5vv; M vi, 169
Si ignoras te (2p Surge, propera), 5vv, 1545; M i, 74
Si resurrexistis, 5vv, formerly I-TVca, destroyed World War II
Stetit Jesus in medio (2p Haec cum dixisset), 4vv, 15634; M vi, 111
Sub tuum praesidium, 4vv; M vi, 209
Sub tuum praesidium, 4vv, 15634; M vi, 30
Tribularer, si nescirem (2p Secundum multitudinem), 5vv, 15446; M i, 29
Usquequo Domine (2p Illumina oculos meos), 5vv, 1545; M i, 68
Vado ad eum, 5vv, 15446; M i, 22
Vias tuas (2p Notam fac mihi viam), 5vv, 1545; M i, 109
contrafactus of motets
Beatam me dicent [= Pulchrior italicis], 5vv, 1595
Hic vir despiciens [= Angustiae mihi], 5vv, I-TVca
Hodie scietis [= Pulchrior Italicus], 5vv, TVca
Mulier quae erat [Domine quis habitabit], 5vv, TVca,
O Gregori [= Cantantibus organicis], 5vv, TVca
Petre amas me [= Domine confido], 5vv, TVca
Prudentes virgines [= Exaudiat me Dominus], 5vv, TVca
Regnum mundi [= Usquequo Domine], 5vv, TVca
doubtful motets
Clamabat autem, 5vv, 15498 (actually by Morales); M i, 143
Cum sublevassit oculos, 4vv, E-Mmc; M viii, 81
Dinumerabo eos, 5vv, Mmc; M viii, 90
Fratres: Scitote, 5vv, 158917; M vi, 164
Fulgebunt iusti, 4vv, 15697; M vi, 114
Hic est panis, 5vv, 1595; M vi, 149
Iubilate Deo (2p Populus eius), 5vv, 1595; M vi, 118
Levate in caelum (2p Salus autem Domini), 5vv, 1595 (? by Porta); M vi, 141
O salutaris hostia, 5vv, 1595; M vi, 124
Parce mihi (2p Peccavi quid faciam), 5vv, 1595; M vi, 128
Quae est ista, 4vv; M vi, 116
Sacerdos et pontifex, 4vv, Mmc; M viii, 93
Salve crux pretiosa, 5vv, 1595; M vi, 147
Sicut cervus desiderat, 4vv, Mmc; M viii, 87
Sumens illud, 4vv, Mmc; M viii, 95
Tu es Pastor ovium, 4vv, Mmc; M viii, 84
Virtute magna (2p Repleti quidem), 5vv, 15496; M vi, 153
Voce me ad Dominum, 5vv, 1595 (? Porta or P Animuccia); M vi, 126
Masses:
Missa a note negre, 5vv (on Rore’s Tout ce qu’on peut); M vii, 91
Missa ‘Doulce mémoire’, 5vv, 1566 (on Sandrin’s chanson); M vii, 122
Missa ‘Praeter rerum seriem’, 7vv (on Josquin’s motet); M vii, 55
Missa Vivat felix Hercules, 5vv (c.f. on soggetto cavato); M vii, 32
Missa ‘Vous ne l’aurez pas’, 5vv, 1555 (incomplete, doubtful); M vii, 1
Other liturgical music:
Beatus vir, vesper psalm, 4vv, 1554; M viii, 7
Confitebor tibi, vesper psalm, 4vv, 1554; M viii, 3
De profundis, vesper psalm, 4vv, 1554; M viii, 11
Dixit Dominus, vesper psalm, 4vv, 1554; M viii, 1
Momento Domine David, vesper psalm, 4vv, 1554; M viii, 14
Magnificat (primi toni) (odd verses), 4vv, M viii, 22
Magnificat (sexti toni) (even verses), 4vv, 1554; M viii, 26
Passio … secundum Joannem, 2–6vv, (Paris, 1557) (doubtful; attrib. Willaert); ed. A. Schmitz, Oberitalienische Figuralpassion (Mainz, 1955), 57
textless works
1 textless, inc., 5vv; M vi, 211
1 canon, 6vv; M viii, 67 (doubtful)
1, 4vv; M viii, 70 (doubtful)
2, 5vv; M viii, 74 (doubtful)
3, 5vv; M viii, 77 (doubtful)
La política es el arte de buscar problemas, encontrarlos, hacer un diagnóstico falso y aplicar después los remedios equivocados
